Implementing practical biology activities in biology and science classrooms is very challenging due to the need for specialized equipment and expertise in growing living cells. Synthetic biology kits, drawing on biological sciences, engineering, and design, provide opportunities for experiential biology education. BioBits™ is a type of artificial biology education kit, free of cells, stable on shelves, and freeze-dried, which, when water is added, provides desirable visual outputs to users. BioBits™ reactions engage visual, olfactory, and tactile senses, producing fluorescence, fragrance, and hydrogel. This review article extracted relevant research articles from Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed websites. We aim to report supporting activities and curriculum plans in biology education that can utilize the BioBits™ kit to teach enzymatic reactions, biological material formation, and biological sensors. The BioBits™ kit enables a practical representation of advanced sciences that is affordable, easy, and almost accessible,and eliminates many current obstacles to conducting exploratory biology experiments in classroom settings.

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Ovaprim™ and Ovapass™ hormones to induce spawning in Schizothorax zarudnyi. The female (n=48, 1535. 12±180. 09 g) and male broodstocks (n=53, 752. 00±48. 30 g) were randomLy allocated in 4 experimental groups including T1: females which received 0. 2, 0. 5 and 0. 5 mL /kg body weight (BW) Ovaprim with 24-h time intervals, T2: females which treated with 0. 5 and 0. 5 mL /kg BW Ovapass with 12-h time intervals, T3: females were injected with 0. 2, 0. 5 and 0. 5 mL /kg BW Ovapass with 24-h time intervals, and T4: females were injected with a combination of Ovaprim (0. 2 mL/kg) and Ovapass (0. 5 and 0. 5 mL/kg BW) with 24-h time intervals. The amount of injection in the first stage was 10%, the second stage was 90%, and the male fish were simultaneously injected with the second stage of the females at 0. 3 mL/kg. The results showed that the highest rate of fertilization was detected in treatments 2 and 4 (93. 33% and 92. 33%, respectively), which had a significant difference with other groups (p<0. 05). No significant differences were observed between the treatments in the indices of relative and working fecundity and dry egg diameter (p>0. 05). The lowest and highest latency period was observed in treatments 2 (27. 33± 0. 66 h) and 1 (36. 20±3. 77 h), respectively (p<0. 05). The results of this study clearly suggested that the Iranian Ovapass hormone is highly effective for S. zarudnyi reproduction and might be successfully replace with Ovaprim.

In this paper, a linear combination of quadratic modified hat functions is proposed to solve stochastic Itô – Volterra integral equation with multi-stochastic terms. All known and unknown functions are expanded in terms of modified hat functions and replaced in the original equation. The operational matrices are calculated and embedded in the equation to achieve a linear system of equations which gives the expansion coefficients of the solution. Also, under some conditions the error of the method is O(h3). The accuracy and reliability of the method are studied and compared with those of block pulse functions and generalized hat functions in some examples.